Usually, patients complain of swelling in their throats. This is usually observed by themselves or their relatives. This swelling is called nodule. Most thyroid nodules (around 90%) are benign. A small percentage of thyroid nodules may be malignant. Clinical or laboratory tests, such as ultrasound, are usually sufficient for diagnosis.

Most tumors of the vocal cords (polyps) are benign and develop due to voice abusive or smoking. Most of the malignant tumors of the larynx are caused by smoking and alcohol abuse. A simple clinical examination with the laryngoscope in the clinic sets the diagnosis.

These are 4 small glands behind the thyroid gland. These glands produce a hormone called parathyroid hormone and regulate calcium levels in the blood. Rarely in some people one of these glands can be overcome. This means that it produces more parathyroid than the body needs.

Most cancers are accidentally discovered by the patient himself or by a dentist. He notices a wound in the tongue that does not heal, or a white or red plaque. Sometimes the damage can be painful or even bleeding.